// computer.fundamentals · संगणक
Computer Notes.
20 chapters, 3 languages, animated diagrams. From the abacus to AI, every part of the machine, and every shortcut you will ever need in Notepad, Word, Excel, CMD and Run.
// All chapters
Foundations
Chapter 01
What is a Computer?
Definition, Hindi names, the myth of the 'full form', and the Input → Process → Output cycle
Chapter 02
Complete History — Abacus to AI (2400 BC → 2026)
Every milestone on one timeline: mechanical, electromechanical, electronic, personal, mobile, and intelligent computing
Chapter 03
The First Computers — Size, Weight, Power & Every Part
ENIAC, Harvard Mark I, Z3, Colossus, UNIVAC compared with today's phone
Chapter 04
Five Generations of Computers
Vacuum tube → Transistor → IC → Microprocessor → AI: how size, speed and cost changed
Chapter 05
All Major Inventions & Who Made Them
Hardware, software, internet and AI — the people behind the machines
Hardware & systems
Chapter 06
All Parts of a Computer (Hardware)
Input, output, CPU, memory, storage, motherboard, power, cooling, ports — with an animated exploded view
Chapter 07
Types of Computers — Supercomputer to Smartwatch
Classified by size & power, by purpose, and by the kind of data they handle
Chapter 08
Software, Operating Systems & How a PC Boots
System software vs application software; Windows, Linux, macOS, Android; the start-up sequence
Chapter 09
Data Units, Number Systems & Speed
Bit to yottabyte, binary/octal/hex conversions, Hz, FLOPS, bps — and how to convert
Chapter 10
Upcoming & Future Computers (2026 → 2050)
What is being built right now: AI PCs, quantum, neuromorphic, optical, DNA storage, brain-computer interfaces — with expected sizes
Office & commands
Chapter 11
Notepad — The Simplest Editor
Plain text, .txt files, hidden tricks and every shortcut
Chapter 12
MS Word — Word Processing Basics
Interface, formatting, tables, mail merge and the shortcuts examiners love
Chapter 13
MS Excel — Spreadsheet Basics & Formulas
Cells, references, 40 essential formulas, charts, pivot tables and shortcuts
Chapter 14
Command Prompt (CMD) — Every Command You Need
What CMD is, how to open it, 50 commands with examples, and PowerShell / Linux equivalents
Chapter 15
All Windows Run Commands (Win + R)
Open any tool instantly — Control Panel applets, MMC consoles, folders and apps
Web, keys & trivia
Chapter 16
Web Browsers & the Internet
How a page loads, every browser's history, tabs/shortcuts, URL anatomy, cookies, incognito, search tricks
Chapter 17
Windows Keyboard Shortcuts & Keyboard Keys
Every key on the keyboard explained, plus the shortcuts that make you 2× faster
Chapter 18
Computer Words in Hindi (कंप्यूटर शब्दावली)
Official Hindi terms from the Commission for Scientific & Technical Terminology — useful for Hindi-medium exams
Chapter 19
Computer Facts — Amazing, Useful & Exam-Ready
60 facts about computers, the internet, India and the people who built it all
Chapter 20
Full Forms & Abbreviations
The 100 most asked computer abbreviations in school and competitive exams