| Key group | Keys | Use |
|---|---|---|
| Alphanumeric | A–Z, 0–9, punctuation | Typing; Shift gives capitals/symbols; Caps Lock toggles capitals |
| Function keys | F1–F12 | F1 Help · F2 Rename · F3 Search · F4 address bar / Alt+F4 close · F5 Refresh · F6 cycle · F7 spell check · F10 menu · F11 full screen · F12 Save As / DevTools |
| Modifier keys | Shift, Ctrl, Alt, Win, Fn | Combine with other keys |
| Navigation | ↑ ↓ ← →, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down | Move cursor / scroll |
| Editing | Backspace (delete left), Delete (delete right), Insert (overtype), Tab, Enter | |
| Special | Esc (cancel), Print Screen (screenshot), Scroll Lock, Pause/Break, Menu key (right-click) | |
| Numeric keypad | 0–9, Num Lock, + − * / | Fast number entry; Alt codes (Alt + 0169 = ©, Alt + 8377 = ₹ with Unicode input) |
| Indicators | Num Lock, Caps Lock, Scroll Lock LEDs | |
| Total | Standard full-size keyboard = 104 keys (101 before Windows keys were added in 1994); laptops ~80; TKL (no numpad) 87 |
| Shortcut | Action |
|---|---|
| Win | Start menu |
| Win+D | Show desktop |
| Win+E | File Explorer |
| Win+I | Settings |
| Win+L | Lock PC |
| Win+R | Run |
| Win+S | Search |
| Win+A | Quick settings |
| Win+N | Notifications |
| Win+X | Power-user menu |
| Win+Tab | Task View |
| Win+Ctrl+D/F4 | New / close virtual desktop |
| Win+←/→/↑/↓ | Snap window |
| Win+Shift+S | Screenshot snip |
| Win+Print Screen | Save screenshot to Pictures |
| Win+V | Clipboard history |
| Win+. (period) | Emoji & symbols |
| Win+H | Voice typing |
| Win+K | Cast |
| Win+P | Projector modes |
| Win++/− | Magnifier |
| Win+Ctrl+Enter | Narrator |
| Win+G | Game bar / screen record |
| Win+Space | Switch keyboard language (English ⇄ Hindi) |
| Alt+Tab | Switch apps |
| Alt+F4 | Close app / shutdown dialog |
| Alt+Enter | Properties |
| Ctrl+Shift+Esc | Task Manager |
| Ctrl+Alt+Delete | Security screen |
| Shift+Delete | Delete permanently (skip Recycle Bin) |
| Ctrl+A/C/X/V/Z/Y | Select all / copy / cut / paste / undo / redo |
| Ctrl+Shift+N | New folder |
| F2 | Rename |
| Alt+←/→ | Back / forward in Explorer |
| Ctrl+Shift+arrow | Select word by word |
| Ctrl+Esc | Start menu |
// Keep exploring
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