// programming.terminology

500 terms.

Simple, human-friendly definitions for computer, programming, networking, control-flow, and database terms — with plain-English analogies so the idea sticks.

Computer Basics · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Computer	Electronic machine that processes data	Fast-thinking machine
2	Hardware	Physical parts of a computer	Keyboard, Mouse
3	Software	Programs that run on hardware	Windows, Apps
4	Data	Raw facts and figures	Marks, Numbers
5	Information	Processed data	Report card
6	CPU	Brain of the computer	Human brain
7	ALU	Arithmetic Logic Unit — calculations	Calculator
8	CU	Control Unit — directs operations	Traffic police
9	RAM	Random Access Memory — temporary	Office desk
10	ROM	Read Only Memory — permanent startup	Instruction manual
11	Cache Memory	Very fast memory close to CPU	Sticky notes
12	Storage	Permanent data saving	Cupboard
13	HDD	Hard Disk Drive — magnetic storage	Old cupboard
14	SSD	Solid State Drive — fast storage	Flash cupboard
15	Input Device	Enters data	Keyboard
16	Output Device	Shows result	Monitor
17	Keyboard	Text input device	Typewriter
18	Mouse	Pointing device	Remote control
19	Monitor	Display device	TV screen
20	Printer	Prints output	Photocopier
21	Scanner	Converts paper to digital	Photo scanner
22	Webcam	Captures video	Camera
23	Microphone	Captures sound	Voice recorder
24	Motherboard	Main circuit board	City road map
25	SMPS	Switched Mode Power Supply	Electric adapter
26	BIOS	Starts the computer	Wake-up call
27	Booting	Starting the computer	Starting a car
28	POST	Power-On Self-Test	Health check
29	Operating System	Manages hardware & software	Office manager
30	GUI	Graphical User Interface	Icons & windows
31	CLI	Command Line Interface	Text commands
32	File	Stored data unit	Document
33	Folder	Collection of files	File cabinet
34	File System	Organises files	Library system
35	Extension	File type identifier	.jpg, .pdf
36	Backup	Copy of data	Spare key
37	Restore	Recover backed-up data	Using spare key
38	Virus	Harmful program	Computer disease
39	Antivirus	Virus protection software	Medicine
40	Malware	Malicious software	Thief
41	Firewall	Blocks threats	Security gate
42	User	Person using computer	Driver
43	Login	User access process	Door entry
44	Logout	Exit from system	Leaving room
45	Update	Software improvement	App upgrade
46	Driver	Hardware control software	Translator
47	Peripheral	External device	External keyboard
48	Port	Connection point	Plug socket
49	USB	Universal Serial Bus	Multi-plug
50	Power Supply	Provides electricity	Power adapter

Programming Fundamentals · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Program	Set of instructions for computer	Cooking recipe
2	Programming	Writing instructions for computer	Teaching a machine
3	Programming Language	Language to write programs	English for humans
4	Source Code	Human-written program code	Written notes
5	Object Code	Machine-readable code	Translated book
6	Variable	Stores a value	Container
7	Constant	Fixed value	Date of birth
8	Identifier	Name given to variable	Person name
9	Keyword	Reserved word	Traffic signs
10	Operator	Performs operation	Math symbols
11	Operand	Data on which operator works	Numbers in math
12	Expression	Combination of variables & operators	Math formula
13	Statement	Single instruction	One sentence
14	Block	Group of statements	Paragraph
15	Syntax	Language rules	Grammar
16	Semantics	Meaning of code	Sentence meaning
17	Comment	Explanation in code	Notes in book
18	Data Type	Type of value	int, char
19	Integer	Whole number type	1, 10
20	Float	Decimal number type	3.14
21	Character	Single letter	'A'
22	String	Collection of characters	Word
23	Boolean	True or false value	Yes / No
24	Type Casting	Converting data type	Changing units
25	Input	Taking data	User typing
26	Output	Displaying result	Screen result
27	Debugging	Finding & fixing errors	Repair work
28	Error	Mistake in program	Spelling mistake
29	Compile-Time Error	Error before execution	Grammar error
30	Runtime Error	Error during execution	Flat tyre
31	Logical Error	Wrong logic	Wrong formula
32	Algorithm	Step-by-step solution	Recipe steps
33	Flowchart	Diagram of logic	Road map
34	Pseudocode	Plain English logic	Rough notes
35	Loop	Repeats instructions	Washing machine
36	Conditional	Decision making	If-else
37	Function	Reusable code block	Coffee machine
38	Parameter	Input to function	Ingredient
39	Argument	Actual input value	Coffee beans
40	Return Value	Output from function	Ready coffee
41	Scope	Variable visibility	Room access
42	Global Variable	Accessible everywhere	Public notice
43	Local Variable	Limited access	Private room
44	Library	Collection of code	Tool box
45	Header File	Contains declarations	Index page
46	API	Software communication method	Menu card
47	Framework	Pre-built structure	Building frame
48	IDE	Integrated Development Environment	Programming studio
49	Build	Creating executable program	Cooking dish
50	Version Control	Tracks code changes	Edit history

Networking · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Network	Group of connected computers	Office computers
2	LAN	Local Area Network	School lab
3	WAN	Wide Area Network	Internet
4	MAN	Metropolitan Area Network	City Wi-Fi
5	PAN	Personal Area Network	Bluetooth
6	Node	Device in a network	Computer, phone
7	Server	Provides services / data	Kitchen
8	Client	Requests services	Customer
9	Protocol	Communication rules	Traffic rules
10	IP Address	Unique device address	Home address
11	IPv4	32-bit IP format	Old address system
12	IPv6	128-bit IP format	New address system
13	MAC Address	Hardware ID	Vehicle number
14	DNS	Domain Name System	Phone contacts
15	URL	Uniform Resource Locator	House address
16	HTTP	HyperText Transfer Protocol	Postal service
17	HTTPS	HTTP Secure	Locked mail
18	FTP	File Transfer Protocol	Courier service
19	SMTP	Simple Mail Transfer Protocol	Post office
20	POP3	Post Office Protocol 3	Collect letters
21	IMAP	Internet Message Access Protocol	Cloud mailbox
22	Router	Connects networks	Traffic junction
23	Switch	Connects devices	Power strip
24	Hub	Broadcasts data	Loudspeaker
25	Gateway	Entry point of network	Bridge
26	Modem	Converts signals	Translator
27	Bandwidth	Data capacity	Road width
28	Latency	Data delay	Traffic jam
29	Packet	Small data unit	Letter
30	Packet Switching	Data in packets	Courier parcels
31	Circuit Switching	Dedicated path	Phone call
32	Topology	Network layout	City map
33	Star Topology	Central hub network	Wheel spokes
34	Bus Topology	Single cable network	Bus route
35	Ring Topology	Circular network	Round table
36	Mesh Topology	Fully connected network	Fishing net
37	Wireless	Cable-free network	Wi-Fi
38	Ethernet	Wired LAN technology	LAN cable
39	Fiber Optic	High-speed cable	Light beam
40	VPN	Virtual Private Network	Secret tunnel
41	Proxy Server	Middle server	Agent
42	NAT	Network Address Translation	Translator
43	DHCP	Auto IP assign	Seat allocation
44	Ping	Check connection	Door knock
45	Traceroute	Track data path	GPS route
46	ISP	Internet Service Provider	Airtel / Jio
47	Access Point	Wireless connector	Wi-Fi hotspot
48	Network Security	Protect network	Alarm system
49	Throttling	Speed control	Speed limit
50	Port Number	App endpoint on a host	Door number

Control Flow & Logic · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Control Flow	Order in which code runs	Traffic movement
2	Conditional Execution	Code runs based on condition	If rain → umbrella
3	If Statement	Runs code when condition is true	If marks ≥ 40
4	If-Else	Chooses between two paths	Pass or fail
5	Else-If Ladder	Multiple condition checks	Grade system
6	Nested If	If inside another if	Multiple security checks
7	Switch Statement	Selects one option from many	Menu selection
8	Case Label	Individual switch option	Menu item
9	Default Case	Runs when no case matches	Backup plan
10	Looping	Repeating execution	Daily routine
11	While Loop	Repeats while condition true	Keep driving till fuel
12	Do-While	Executes once before checking	Try once first
13	For Loop	Fixed repetitions	Counting steps
14	Nested Loop	Loop inside loop	Clock (hours/minutes)
15	Infinite Loop	Never stops	Stuck elevator
16	Loop Termination	Stopping a loop	Finish line
17	Break	Exits loop immediately	Emergency exit
18	Continue	Skips current iteration	Skip one question
19	Jump Statement	Sudden control transfer	Shortcut jump
20	Goto	Direct jump to label	Teleport
21	Decision Making	Choosing execution path	Road fork
22	Branching	Program splits paths	Choose left / right
23	Loop Counter	Tracks loop cycles	Step counter
24	Exit Condition	Condition to stop loop	Finish signal
25	Fall-Through	Case runs into next	Overflowing water
26	Short-Circuit	Stops early evaluation	Fail-fast rule
27	Boolean Condition	True / False check	Yes / No question
28	Decision Tree	Structured decision logic	Flowchart
29	Nested Condition	Condition within condition	Double verification
30	Guard Condition	Prevents invalid execution	Entry check
31	Branch Condition	Condition deciding path	Voting eligibility
32	Logical Path	One execution route	Travel route
33	Execution Path	Step-by-step flow	Assembly line
34	Conditional Jump	Jump based on condition	Signal-based turn
35	Loop Body	Code inside loop	Work area
36	Entry-Control Loop	Condition checked before run	While loop
37	Exit-Control Loop	Condition checked after run	Do-while loop
38	Flow Interruption	Breaking normal flow	Emergency brake
39	Control Block	Grouped control code	Paragraph
40	Scope Block	Area where control applies	Room boundary
41	Control Dependency	Execution depends on logic	Permission system
42	Loop Dependency	Loop depends on condition	Alarm snooze
43	Termination Statement	Ends execution	Power button
44	Control Flow Diagram	Visual execution flow	Road map
45	Short Circuit Eval	Skip 2nd operand if 1st decides	Fail fast
46	Ternary Operator	One-line if-else	cond ? a : b
47	Early Return	Return before end	Emergency exit
48	Guard Clause	Exit early for invalid input	Bouncer at door
49	Condition Evaluation	Checking logic result	Eligibility check
50	Logical Operators	&&, \|\|, !	And, Or, Not

DBMS & SQL · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Database	Organised collection of data	Filing cabinet
2	DBMS	Software to manage databases	Librarian
3	Relational DB	Table-based database	Ledger book
4	Non-Relational DB	Flexible data storage	JSON files
5	Table	Rows & columns	Excel sheet
6	Row / Record	Single data entry	Student record
7	Column / Field	Data property	Name column
8	Schema	Database structure	Blueprint
9	Primary Key	Unique record identifier	Roll number
10	Foreign Key	Link between tables	Passport reference
11	SQL	Structured Query Language	Asking questions
12	Query	Request data from DB	Search command
13	SELECT	Retrieve data	View list
14	INSERT	Add new data	Add entry
15	UPDATE	Modify data	Edit record
16	DELETE	Remove data	Erase entry
17	WHERE	Filter data	Search condition
18	JOIN	Combine tables	Merge lists
19	INNER JOIN	Common records only	Common friends
20	LEFT JOIN	All left + matched right	Left-side view
21	RIGHT JOIN	All right + matched left	Right-side view
22	FULL JOIN	All records from both	Union list
23	Subquery	Query inside query	Question within question
24	View	Virtual table	Window view
25	Index	Speeds up search	Book index
26	Normalization	Reduce data duplication	Organise files
27	Denormalization	Improve performance	Merge folders
28	Constraint	Data rule	Exam rules
29	NOT NULL	Value must exist	Mandatory field
30	UNIQUE	No duplicate values	Unique ID
31	CHECK	Validates value	Age check
32	DEFAULT	Auto value if empty	Default settings
33	Transaction	Group of DB operations	Bank transaction
34	COMMIT	Save transaction	Save file
35	ROLLBACK	Undo transaction	Cancel changes
36	ACID	Reliable transaction rules	Safety standards
37	Atomicity	All or nothing execution	Full payment
38	Consistency	Data remains valid	Balanced account
39	Isolation	Transactions independent	Separate rooms
40	Durability	Data stays saved	Permanent ink
41	Stored Procedure	Prewritten SQL code	Ready recipe
42	Trigger	Auto action on event	Alarm system
43	Cursor	Row-by-row processing	Reading line by line
44	Data Integrity	Accuracy of data	Correct records
45	Data Redundancy	Duplicate data	Duplicate files
46	OLTP	Real-time DB operations	ATM system
47	OLAP	Data analysis DB	Business reports
48	NoSQL	Non-relational DB family	MongoDB, Redis
49	Sharding	Horizontal DB split	Multiple warehouses
50	Replication	Data copy across servers	Mirror backups

Data Structures & Algorithms · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Data Structure	Way to organize data	Bookshelf
2	Algorithm	Step-by-step solution	Cooking recipe
3	Linear Data Structure	Data stored in sequence	Train coaches
4	Non-Linear Data Structure	Data in hierarchical form	Family tree
5	Array	Fixed-size data collection	Egg tray
6	Linked List	Nodes linked together	Train with hooks
7	Singly Linked List	One-direction link	One-way road
8	Doubly Linked List	Two-direction links	Two-way road
9	Circular Linked List	Last links to first	Circle chain
10	Stack	Last In First Out (LIFO)	Stack of plates
11	Queue	First In First Out (FIFO)	Queue at counter
12	Circular Queue	Queue in circular form	Circular track
13	Deque	Insert/delete at both ends	Double-side gate
14	Priority Queue	Priority-based queue	Hospital emergency
15	Tree	Hierarchical structure	Family tree
16	Binary Tree	Max two children	Decision tree
17	Binary Search Tree	Sorted binary tree	Organized library
18	AVL Tree	Self-balancing BST	Balanced shelf
19	Heap	Special tree structure	Task manager
20	Min Heap	Smallest value at top	Cheapest item
21	Max Heap	Largest value at top	Highest priority
22	Graph	Nodes connected by edges	Road map
23	Vertex	Node in graph	City
24	Edge	Connection between nodes	Road
25	Directed Graph	One-direction edge	One-way street
26	Undirected Graph	Two-way edge	Two-way road
27	Weighted Graph	Edges with cost	Distance map
28	Traversal	Visiting all elements	City tour
29	BFS	Breadth First Search — level-wise	Floor-by-floor
30	DFS	Depth First Search — deep first	Maze exploration
31	Sorting	Arranging data	Alphabetical order
32	Bubble Sort	Swap adjacent elements	Bubbles rising
33	Selection Sort	Select smallest repeatedly	Picking best fruit
34	Insertion Sort	Insert in proper place	Card sorting
35	Merge Sort	Divide & merge	Teamwork
36	Quick Sort	Pivot-based sorting	Leader selection
37	Searching	Finding an element	Looking for book
38	Linear Search	Sequential search	Checking one by one
39	Binary Search	Search in sorted list	Guessing number
40	Hashing	Fast data access	Dictionary
41	Hash Table	Key-value storage	Locker system
42	Collision	Same hash key conflict	Same locker
43	Chaining	Collision handling via list	Shared bucket
44	Open Addressing	Find next free slot	Next locker
45	Recursion	Function calls itself	Mirror reflection
46	Base Case	Stops recursion	Exit door
47	Divide and Conquer	Break into sub-problems	Split work
48	Greedy Algorithm	Best choice at each step	Taking highest coin
49	Time Complexity	Algorithm execution time	Speed of work
50	Space Complexity	Memory used by algorithm	Storage space

Functions & OOP · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Function	Reusable block of code	Coffee machine
2	Function Call	Using a function	Pressing a button
3	Function Definition	Writing function logic	Machine design
4	Parameters	Inputs to a function	Ingredients
5	Arguments	Actual values passed	Real ingredients
6	Return Value	Output from function	Coffee cup
7	Void Function	Function with no return	Doorbell
8	Recursive Function	Function calling itself	Mirror reflection
9	Built-in Function	Predefined function	Calculator
10	User-Defined Function	Custom-made function	Homemade tool
11	Scope	Variable accessibility	Room boundaries
12	Local Scope	Accessible inside function	Private room
13	Global Scope	Accessible everywhere	Public area
14	Lambda Function	Short anonymous function	Quick note
15	Higher-Order Function	Takes/returns function	Manager
16	Class	Blueprint for objects	House plan
17	Object	Instance of a class	Actual house
18	OOP	Programming using objects	Real-world modeling
19	Encapsulation	Data hiding & bundling	Capsule medicine
20	Abstraction	Hiding internal details	TV remote
21	Inheritance	Acquiring properties	Family traits
22	Polymorphism	One name, many forms	Universal remote
23	Method	Function inside class	Car action
24	Constructor	Initializes object	Birth process
25	Destructor	Cleans object	Recycling
26	Access Modifier	Access control	Security levels
27	Public	Accessible everywhere	Open park
28	Private	Accessible inside class	Locker
29	Protected	Limited access	Staff area
30	Static Member	Shared among objects	Common notice
31	Instance Variable	Object-specific data	Personal bag
32	Instance Method	Object-specific action	Personal task
33	Abstract Class	Incomplete class	Design sketch
34	Interface	Method contract	Rulebook
35	Method Overloading	Same name, different params	Same tool, sizes
36	Method Overriding	Child changes parent method	New rule
37	Super Keyword	Access parent class	Calling parents
38	This Keyword	Refers to current object	Self-reference
39	Object Reference	Points to object	Address
40	Memory Allocation	Reserving memory	Booking seat
41	Dynamic Binding	Runtime method call	Live decision
42	Compile-Time Binding	Early method binding	Pre-plan
43	Association	Relationship between classes	Friendship
44	Aggregation	Weak association	Team members
45	Composition	Strong ownership	Human & heart
46	Cohesion	Focused responsibility	Specialized worker
47	Coupling	Dependency level	Rope connection
48	Code Reusability	Reusing code	Refill bottle
49	Design Pattern	Proven solution template	Blueprint
50	SOLID Principles	OOP design guidelines	Building rules

Cloud, Security & AI · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Cloud Computing	Internet-based computing	Renting storage
2	SaaS	Software as a Service	Gmail
3	PaaS	Platform as a Service	Workshop
4	IaaS	Infrastructure as a Service	Server rental
5	Public Cloud	Shared cloud environment	Public library
6	Private Cloud	Dedicated cloud	Private office
7	Hybrid Cloud	Combination public & private	Mixed workspace
8	Multi-Cloud	Multiple cloud providers	Multiple banks
9	Virtual Machine	Software-based computer	Virtual PC
10	Containerization	Lightweight app packaging	Shipping box
11	Docker	Container management tool	Packing tool
12	Kubernetes	Container orchestration	Traffic controller
13	Serverless Computing	Run code without servers	Food delivery
14	Load Balancer	Distributes workload	Traffic police
15	Edge Computing	Processing near data source	Local shop
16	Cloud Backup	Online data copy	Spare key
17	Disaster Recovery	Restore after failure	Emergency plan
18	Cybersecurity	Protect systems & data	Digital lock
19	Encryption	Data to secret form	Locked box
20	Decryption	Secret data back	Unlocking box
21	Authentication	Identity verification	ID check
22	Authorization	Access permission control	Access card
23	MFA	Multi-Factor Authentication	OTP + password
24	VPN	Virtual Private Network	Secret tunnel
25	Zero-Day Attack	Attack before fix exists	Surprise strike
26	Data Breach	Unauthorized data exposure	Leaked files
27	SIEM	Centralized security monitoring	Control room
28	IDS	Intrusion Detection System	Alarm system
29	IPS	Intrusion Prevention System	Security fence
30	AI	Artificial Intelligence	Smart robot
31	Machine Learning	AI learning from data	Student learning
32	Deep Learning	Multi-layer learning model	Brain layers
33	Neural Network	AI brain-like structure	Human neurons
34	NLP	Understands human language	Translator
35	Computer Vision	Understands images/videos	Digital eyes
36	Chatbot	AI-based conversation tool	Virtual assistant
37	Recommendation System	Suggests content	Netflix suggestions
38	AI Model	Trained AI decision system	Trained student
39	Big Data	Extremely large datasets	Data ocean
40	Data Mining	Discover patterns in data	Gold mining
41	Blockchain	Distributed digital ledger	Shared notebook
42	Smart Contract	Self-executing contract	Vending machine
43	Cloud Security	Protect cloud resources	Cloud guard
44	AI Ethics	Responsible AI usage	Moral rules
45	Explainable AI	Understand AI decisions	Clear reasoning
46	Federated Learning	Train AI without sharing data	Group learning
47	Quantum Computing	Computing via quantum mechanics	Ultra-fast brain
48	Trust Model	Defines who can access what	Security policy
49	Auto Scaling	Adjust resources automatically	Auto AC
50	Model Training	Teaching AI using data	Classroom learning

Web Technologies · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Web Technology	Tools to build websites	Construction tools
2	WWW	World Wide Web — linked pages	Spider web
3	Website	Collection of web pages	Book
4	Web Page	Single page on website	Page in book
5	URL	Uniform Resource Locator	Home address
6	Domain Name	Website name	Brand name
7	Hosting	Server space for website	House rental
8	Web Server	Stores & delivers pages	Post office
9	Client	User's browser	Customer
10	Browser	Software to access web	Chrome
11	HTML	Page structure language	Skeleton
12	CSS	Page styling	Clothes
13	JavaScript	Web interaction language	Brain
14	Responsive Design	Adapts to screen size	Flexible clothes
15	Frontend	User-visible part	Shop display
16	Backend	Server-side logic	Kitchen
17	Full Stack	Frontend + Backend	Restaurant owner
18	HTTP	Web communication rule	Conversation
19	HTTPS	Secure HTTP	Locked conversation
20	Request	Ask server for data	Ordering food
21	Response	Server reply	Food served
22	REST API	Data communication method	Waiter
23	JSON	Data format	Form
24	XML	Structured data format	Rulebook
25	AJAX	Load data without refresh	Live updates
26	Cookie	Small browser data	Memory note
27	Session	Temporary user data	Visit pass
28	Cache	Stored copy for speed	Short-term memory
29	CDN	Content Delivery Network	Nearby store
30	Web Framework	Development toolkit	Toolset
31	Bootstrap	CSS framework	Ready-made design
32	React	UI JavaScript library	LEGO blocks
33	Angular	Frontend framework	Construction system
34	Vue.js	Lightweight JS framework	Simple toolkit
35	Node.js	JavaScript runtime	Engine
36	Express.js	Backend framework	Traffic controller
37	Middleware	Request processor	Security check
38	MVC	Model View Controller	Office roles
39	SPA	Single Page Application	Mobile app
40	SEO	Search Engine Optimization	Signboard
41	Meta Tags	Page info for search	Label
42	Sitemap	Website structure map	Directory
43	Web Security	Protect web apps	Lock
44	CORS	Cross-Origin Resource Sharing	Permission slip
45	WebSocket	Real-time communication	Live call
46	PWA	Progressive Web App	Hybrid app
47	Web Accessibility	Usable by all	Wheelchair ramp
48	Web Performance	Speed & efficiency	Fast service
49	Service Worker	Background script	Personal assistant
50	Local Storage	Browser-persistent data	Home cupboard

Compiler & Language Processing · 50 terms

#	Term	Meaning	Example
1	Compiler	Source → machine code (batch)	Translator book
2	Interpreter	Executes code line by line	Live translator
3	Source Code	Human-written program	Recipe
4	Object Code	Machine-readable output	Compiled file
5	Machine Code	Binary instructions	CPU language
6	High-Level Language	Human-friendly language	English
7	Low-Level Language	Hardware-close language	Signals
8	Lexical Analysis	Breaking code into tokens	Word splitting
9	Token	Smallest meaningful unit	Word
10	Syntax Analysis	Grammar checking	Sentence structure
11	Parsing	Building syntax structure	Diagram making
12	Parse Tree	Code structure tree	Family tree
13	Abstract Syntax Tree	Simplified parse tree	Clean blueprint
14	Semantic Analysis	Meaning validation	Sense check
15	Symbol Table	Stores variable info	Index book
16	Scope Resolution	Variable visibility rules	Room access
17	Type Checking	Data type validation	Label check
18	Intermediate Code	Platform-independent code	Rough draft
19	Three-Address Code	Simple intermediate format	Step notes
20	Code Optimization	Improve speed/memory	Shortcut route
21	Dead Code	Unused code	Unused road
22	Loop Optimization	Improve loop execution	Faster cycle
23	Register Allocation	Assign CPU registers	Seat allocation
24	Instruction Scheduling	Reorder instructions	Task planner
25	Code Generation	Create final machine code	Printing
26	Linking	Combine multiple files	Book binding
27	Loader	Load program into memory	Program launcher
28	Static Linking	Link at compile time	Permanent glue
29	Dynamic Linking	Link at runtime	Plug-in
30	Runtime System	Execution support system	Engine support
31	Garbage Collection	Auto memory cleanup	Cleaning staff
32	Memory Leak	Unreleased memory	Water leak
33	JIT Compiler	Compile during execution	Live translation
34	Bytecode	Intermediate portable code	Universal format
35	Virtual Machine	Software-based execution	Virtual player
36	Grammar	Language rules	Grammar book
37	Context-Free Grammar	Syntax definition rules	Language rules
38	Regular Expression	Pattern matching	Search filter
39	Finite Automaton	State-based model	Traffic lights
40	DFA	Deterministic Finite Automaton	Fixed route
41	NFA	Non-Deterministic Finite Automaton	Multiple choices
42	Compiler Error	Compile-time issue	Spelling error
43	Syntax Error	Grammar mistake	Wrong sentence
44	Semantic Error	Meaning mistake	Logical error
45	Runtime Error	Error during execution	Car breakdown
46	Warning	Non-fatal issue	Yellow light
47	Debugger	Tool to find errors	Magnifying glass
48	Language Processor	Converts source to output	Processing machine
49	Cross Compiler	Compile for other platform	Export factory
50	Bootstrapping	Compiler written in same language	Self-builder